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Two piston rings mounted on a two-stroke engine piston. The ring gap for the bottom ring is visible in the centre of the image. A piston ring is a metallic split ring that is attached to the outer diameter of a piston in an internal combustion engine or steam engine. The main functions of piston rings in engines are:
The break-in period required has changed over the years with improved piston ring materials and designs. In reference to small engines, the break-in period now (5–10 hours) is short in comparison with that of engines of the past. Aluminum cylinder bore engine piston rings break-in faster than those used on cast iron cylinder bores. [2]
Starter ring gear attached to a flywheel. In cars with a manual transmission, the starter ring gear is fitted to the outer diameter of the flywheel.The ring gear is usually fixed to the flywheel through use of an interference fit, [2] which is achieved by heating the ring gear and so that thermal expansion allows it to be placed around the flywheel.
The main piston has a large piston rod extending downwards from the piston to what is effectively a second smaller-diameter piston. The main piston is responsible for gas sealing and carries the piston rings. The smaller piston is purely a mechanical guide. It runs within a small cylinder as a trunk guide and also carries the gudgeon pin.
Gudgeon pin connection at connecting rod. Gudgeon pin fits into gudgeons inside piston.. In internal combustion engines, the gudgeon pin (English, wrist pin or piston pin US English) connects the piston to the connecting rod, and provides a bearing for the connecting rod to pivot upon as the piston moves. [1]
In an engine, the cylinder is the space in which a piston travels. [1]The inner surface of the cylinder is formed from either a thin metallic liner (also called "sleeve") or a surface coating applied to the engine block.
In a piston engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders, [1] forming the roof of the combustion chamber.In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins.
The number of main bearings is primarily determined by the overall load factor and maximum engine speed. [1] Increasing the number of bearings in an engine will generally increase the size and cost of the engine, but also reduces bending stress and deflection caused by the distance from the crank pins to the nearest bearings.