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A coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) is a device that measures the geometry of physical objects by sensing discrete points on the surface of the object with a probe. Various types of probes are used in CMMs, the most common being mechanical and laser sensors, though optical and white light sensors do exist.
The development of precision probes dates back to the 1920s with different mechanical touch devices, but significant advancements came with the advent of Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) in the late 1950s. This led to the creation of contact and non-contact probes, including mechanical triggers and scanning probes, as well as laser and ...
A CMM is based on CNC technology to automate measurement of Cartesian coordinates using a touch probe, contact scanning probe, or non-contact sensor. Optical comparators are used when physically touching the part is undesirable; components that consist of fragile or mailable materials require measurement using non-contact techniques.
A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) with scanning head. Contact 3D scanners work by physically probing (touching) the part and recording the position of the sensor as the probe moves around the part. There are two main types of contact 3D scanners:
In this case the CCMM is a camera and telecentric lens system, which is fitted with a tactile probe. Cylindrical coordinate measuring machine or CCMM, is a special variation of a standard coordinate measuring machine (CMM) which incorporates a moving table to rotate the part relative to the probe. The probe moves perpendicular to the part axis ...
More modern CMMs do have scanning probes and thus can determine geometry similarly. In practice, the 1970s-era universal measuring machine is a very slow machine that requires a highly skilled and patient operator to use, and the accuracy built into these machines far outstripped the needs of most industries.
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