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Some anthropologists have identified about 8 nomadic groups in India, numbering perhaps 1 million people—around 0.12 percent of the country's billion-plus population. [1] Aparna Rao and Michael Casimir estimated that nomads make up around 7% of the population of India. [2] [3]
This is a list of nomadic people arranged by economic specialization and region. Nomadic people are communities who move from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one location. Many cultures have traditionally been nomadic, but nomadic behavior is increasingly rare in industrialized countries .
There are 315 Nomadic Tribes and 198 Denotified Tribes. A large section of the Nomadic pastoralist tribes are known as vimukta jatis or 'free / liberated jatis' because they were classed as such under the Criminal Tribes Act 1871, enacted under British rule in India. After Indian independence, this act was repealed by the Government of India in
Together with the Bhopa, Domba, and Kalbelia, they are sometimes called the "gypsies of India". [11] D. B. Naik has said that "There are so many cultural similarities in the Roma Gypsies and the Banjara Lambanis". [12] Author B. G. Halbar has stated that most nomadic communities believe that they are descended from Rajput ancestry.
The word Gujjar represents a caste, a tribe and a group in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, locally referred to as jati, zaat, qaum or biradari. [16] [17]It has been suggested by several historians that Gurjara was initially the name of a tribe or clan which later evolved into a geographical and ethnic identity following the establishment of a janapada (tribal kingdom) called 'Gurjara'. [18]
Gadia Lohars (also known as Gaduliya Lohars or Lohar) are a nomadic community of Uttar Pradesh, India. They are also found in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. They are lohar (ironsmith) by profession who move on from one place to another place on bullock carts, which in Hindi are called gadi, hence the name 'Gadia Lohar'.
In Maharashtra, the Dhangars are classified as a Nomadic Tribe but in 2014 were seeking to be reclassified as a Scheduled Tribe in India's system of reservation. [42] The Dhangar community's population in Maharashtra is around 1.5 crore, which is 13% of the total 11.25 crore (112.5 million) population of the state.
Birhor (or Birhul) are a tribal/Adivasi forest people, traditionally nomadic, living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand. They speak the Birhor language, which belongs to the Munda group of languages of the Austroasiatic language family. [2] [3]