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The history of Guatemala traces back to the Maya civilization (2600 BC – 1697 AD), with the country's modern history beginning with the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in 1524. By 1000 AD, most of the major Classic-era (250–900 AD) Maya cities in the Petén Basin , located in the northern lowlands, had been abandoned.
The Guatemalan genocide, also referred to as the Maya genocide, [3] or the Silent Holocaust [7] (Spanish: Genocidio guatemalteco, Genocidio maya, or Holocausto silencioso), was the mass killing of the Maya Indigenous people during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive Guatemalan military governments that first took power following the CIA instigated 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état.
This served to de-legitimize Mexican actions during the previous two years and separate Central America as a political entity. Further, a Republican system of government was established under a unitary system. Though Guatemala would attempt to unify the provinces of Central America with its adoption of federalism, regional divisions endured. [4]
In Spanish colonial times, Guatemala City was a small town. It had a monastery called El Carmen, founded in 1620 (this was the second hermitage).The capital of the Spanish Captaincy General of Guatemala, covering most of modern Central America, was moved here after a series of earthquakes — the Santa Marta earthquakes that started on July 29, 1773 — destroyed the old capital, Antigua. [2]
Panchoy – Antigua Guatemala In 1543, Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala was once again refounded, this time at Panchoy. The new city survived as the capital of colonial Guatemala through the rest of the 16th century, the 17th century, and most of the 18th century, until it was severely damaged by the 1773 Guatemala earthquake.
1957 – National Library of Guatemala new building opens. 1966 – Del Valle University of Guatemala founded. 1971 – Francisco Marroquin University founded. 1973 – Population: 706,920. [9] 1975 – Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno "Carlos Mérida" established. 1976 – February 4: 1976 Guatemala earthquake. 1978 – National Theatre opens.
Francisco de Paula García y Peláez (April 2, 1785 – January 25, 1867 [1]) was a Guatemalan historian [2] and economist [3] who served as Archbishop of Guatemala from 1845 until his death. As a historian, García Peláez was commissioned to write histories of colonial Central America.
A page from the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, showing a Spanish conquistador accompanied by Tlaxcalan allies and a native porter. The sources describing the Spanish conquest of Guatemala include those written by the Spanish themselves, among them two of four letters written by conquistador Pedro de Alvarado to Hernán Cortés in 1524, describing the initial campaign to subjugate the Guatemalan Highlands.