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Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal [12] with a melting point of 900 ± 30 °C (1,650 ± 50 °F) and an estimated boiling point of 1,743 K (1,470 °C; 2,680 °F). [13] The pure metal is malleable and is easily cut with a knife. Californium metal starts to vaporize above 300 °C (570 °F) when exposed to a vacuum. [14]
Californium is the second-heaviest element for which an organometallic compound is known. A bent californium metallocene has also been isolated and characterized.
Californium-252 production diagram. Californium-252 (Cf-252, 252 Cf) undergoes spontaneous fission with a branching ratio of 3.09% and is used in small neutron sources. Fission neutrons have an energy range of 0 to 13 MeV with a mean value of 2.3 MeV and a most probable value of 1 MeV. [11]
The 20 isotopes of californium with mass numbers 237–256 are formed in nuclear reactors; [58] californium-253 is a β-emitter and the rest are α-emitters. The isotopes with even mass numbers ( 250 Cf, 252 Cf and 254 Cf) have a high rate of spontaneous fission, especially 254 Cf of which 99.7% decays by spontaneous fission.
Transuranic elements are difficult and expensive to produce, and their prices increase rapidly with atomic number. As of 2008, the cost of weapons-grade plutonium was around $4,000/gram, [2] and californium exceeded $60,000,000/gram. [3] Einsteinium is the heaviest element that has been produced in macroscopic quantities. [4]
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Californium is a chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. Californium may also refer to: Californium, a 2016 video game ...