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Californium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) by bombarding curium with alpha particles ( helium-4 ions).
The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. [2] The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). [3] The element forms a water-soluble chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfate and is precipitated as a fluoride, oxalate or hydroxide. [4]
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. ... Californium-252: 15.1: 0: 60.0 ...
Plutonium (Pu, atomic number 94), first synthesized in 1940, is another such element. It is the element with the largest number of protons (atomic number) to occur in nature, but it does so in such tiny quantities that it is far more practical to synthesize it. Plutonium is known mainly for its use in atomic bombs and nuclear reactors. [4]
Its density of 8.84 g/cm 3 is lower than that of californium (15.1 g/cm 3) and is nearly the same as that of holmium (8.79 g/cm 3), despite einsteinium being much heavier per atom than holmium. Einsteinium's melting point (860 °C) is also relatively low – below californium (900 °C), fermium (1527 °C) and holmium (1461 °C).
Californium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula CfCl 3. As in californium(III) oxide (Cf 2 O 3 ) and other californium halides, including californium(III) fluoride (CfF 3 ) and iodide (CfI 3 ), the californium atom has an oxidation state of +3.
Californium oxide is a solid compound with two isotopes. "Californium oxide" may refer to: Californium(III) oxide, a yellow-green chemical compound; Californium(IV) oxide, a dark brown chemical compound
This gradual transformation is an important consideration when studying the properties of elemental berkelium and its chemical compounds, since the formation of californium brings not only chemical contamination, but also free-radical effects and self-heating from the emitted alpha particles.