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The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged atomic nucleus and where an electron jumps between orbits, is accompanied by an emitted or absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν). [1]
This result can be generalized to other systems, such as positronium (an electron orbiting a positron) and muonium (an electron orbiting an anti-muon) by using the reduced mass of the system and considering the possible change in charge. Typically, Bohr model relations (radius, energy, etc.) can be easily modified for these exotic systems (up ...
In the Bohr model, the collision excited an internal electron within the atom from its lowest level to the first quantum level above it. The Bohr model also predicted that light would be emitted as the internal electron returned from its excited quantum level to the lowest one; its wavelength corresponded to the energy difference of the atom's ...
The Bohr model posits that electrons revolve around the atomic nucleus in a manner analogous to planets revolving around the Sun. In the simplest version of the Bohr model, the mass of the atomic nucleus is considered to be infinite compared to the mass of the electron, [ 7 ] so that the center of mass of the system, the barycenter , lies at ...
An electron in a Bohr model atom, moving from quantum level n = 3 to n = 2 and releasing a photon.The energy of an electron is determined by its orbit around the atom, The n = 0 orbit, commonly referred to as the ground state, has the lowest energy of all states in the system.
A hydrogen-like atom (or hydrogenic atom) is any atom or ion with a single valence electron.These atoms are isoelectronic with hydrogen.Examples of hydrogen-like atoms include, but are not limited to, hydrogen itself, all alkali metals such as Rb and Cs, singly ionized alkaline earth metals such as Ca + and Sr + and other ions such as He +, Li 2+, and Be 3+ and isotopes of any of the above.
Complementarity as a physical model derives from Niels Bohr's 1927 lecture during the Como Conference in Italy, at a scientific celebration of the work of Alessandro Volta 100 years previous. [ 4 ] : 103 Bohr's subject was complementarity, the idea that measurements of quantum events provide complementary information through seemingly ...
The degree of degeneracy of the energy level E n is therefore = (+) =, which is doubled if the spin degeneracy is included. [ 1 ] : 267f The degeneracy with respect to m ℓ {\displaystyle m_{\ell }} is an essential degeneracy which is present for any central potential , and arises from the absence of a preferred spatial direction.