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There are two main types of ironwork: wrought iron and cast iron. While the use of iron dates as far back as 4000 BC, it was the Hittites who first knew how to extract it (see iron ore) and develop weapons. Use of iron was mainly utilitarian until the Middle Ages; it became widely used for decoration in the period between the 16th and 19th century.
After bar iron had been produced in a finery forge or in the forge train of a rolling mill, it might undergo further processes in one of the following: A slitting mill - which cut a flat bar into rod iron suitable for making into nails. A tinplate works - where rolling mills made sheets of iron (later of steel), which were coated with tin.
One of the fragments was made of bloomery iron rather than meteoritic iron. [37] [38] The earliest iron artifacts made from bloomeries in China date to end of the 9th century BC. [39] Cast iron was used in ancient China for warfare, agriculture and architecture. [9] Around 500 BC, metalworkers in the southern state of Wu achieved a temperature ...
This slag content made the iron very tough, gave it considerable resistance to rusting, and allowed it to be more easily "forge welded," a process in which the blacksmith permanently joins two pieces of iron, or a piece of iron and a piece of steel, by heating them nearly to a white heat and hammering them together.
The occupation was adopted by people, often children, in poverty and with a lack of skills. Work conditions were filthy and uncomfortable. [60]: 209–218 [139] Although in 1904 a person could still claim "mudlark" as an occupation, by then it seems to have been no longer viewed as an acceptable or lawful pursuit. [140]
For example, of the three forms of iron (wrought iron, steel, and soft), the forms which were exported were of the wrought iron (containing a small percentage of uniformly distributed slag material) and steel (carbonised iron) categories, as pure iron is too soft to function like wrought or steel iron. [7]
In addition to the big shears anchored in a hole in his bench, he used hand snips and nippers for cutting. The tin was flattened on an anvil made of a block of steel. Straight and curved anvils (stakes) were used to turn and roll the edges of the tin. Solder was then used to join the pieces together; a soldering iron and fire pot were needed to ...
A metalsmith is one who works with or has the knowledge and the capacity of working with "all" metals. Illustration by Theodor Kittelsen for Johan Herman Wessel's The Smith and the Baker. Types of smiths include: [2] A blacksmith works with iron and steel (this is