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Ochratoxin A has a strong affinity for the brain, especially the cerebellum (Purkinje cells), ventral mesencephalon, and hippocampal structures. [13] The affinity for the hippocampus could be relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and subchronic administration to rodents induces hippocampal neurodegeneration.
Ochratoxin A is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin of this group, while ochratoxins B and C are of lesser importance. Ochratoxin A is known to occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried fruit, and red wine. It is possibly a human carcinogen and is of special interest as it can be accumulated in the meat of animals. Exposure ...
Aspergillus ochraceus is a mold species in the genus Aspergillus known to produce the toxin ochratoxin A, one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins, and citrinin. It also produces the dihydroisocoumarin mellein. It is a filamentous fungus in nature and has characteristic biseriate conidiophores.
The three forms differ in that Ochratoxin B (OTB) is a nonchlorinated form of Ochratoxin A (OTA) and that Ochratoxin C (OTC) is an ethyl ester form Ochratoxin A. [18] Aspergillus ochraceus is found as a contaminant of a wide range of commodities including beverages such as beer and wine.
Ochratoxin A was discovered as a metabolite of Aspergillus ochraceus in 1965 during a large screen of fungal metabolites that was designed specifically to identify new mycotoxins. [22] Shortly thereafter, it was isolated from a commercial corn sample in the United States [23] and recognized as a potent nephrotoxin. Members of the ochratoxin ...
P. nordicum is one of several species (specific of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium) that produces Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin that is a known contaminant of several food sources since it is stable in acidic environments, is difficult to ensure adequate sterilization from it through cooking, and is made by species that persist in high salt and low-temperature.
It has been shown to produce Ochratoxin A. [2] The genome of A. steynii was sequenced as a part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project - a project dedicated to performing whole-genome sequencing of all members of the genus Aspergillus. [4] [5] The genome assembly size was 37.85 Mbp. [5]
It is a very effective producer of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B, and produces aurasperone B, pyranonigrin A, corymbiferan lactone-like exometabolites, and some cytochalasins. The genome of A. sclerotioniger was sequenced and published in 2014 as part of the Aspergillus whole-genome sequencing project – a project dedicated to performing whole ...