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Pronounced "A-star". A graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. abductive logic programming (ALP) A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some ...
Turing's test extends this polite convention to machines: If a machine acts as intelligently as a human being, then it is as intelligent as a human being. One criticism of the Turing test is that it only measures the "humanness" of the machine's behavior, rather than the "intelligence" of the behavior. Since human behavior and intelligent ...
A philosophical theory or philosophical position [1] [page needed] is a view that attempts to explain or account for a particular problem in philosophy. [citation needed] The use of the term "theory" is a statement of colloquial English and not a technical term. [2]
A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research. Disciplines vary between well-established ones in almost all universities with well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few ...
Example of associations between graphemes and colors that are described more accurately as ideasthesia than as synesthesia. Ideasthesia (alternative spelling ideaesthesia) is a neuropsychological phenomenon in which activations of concepts (inducers) evoke perception-like sensory experiences (concurrents).
Issue 1 contained such articles as: an account of the improvement of optic glasses; the first report on the Great Red Spot of Jupiter; a prediction on the motion of a recent comet (probably an Oort cloud object); a review of Robert Boyle's Experimental History of Cold; Robert Boyle's own report of a deformed calf; "A report of a peculiar lead ...
It was systematized by Adi Shankara (c. 700 –750 CE), who held that everything is one and that the impression of a universe consisting of many distinct entities is an illusion. [68] A slightly different perspective was defended by Ramanuja (1017–1137 CE), [ c ] who founded the school of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta and argued that individual ...
[94] [95] The school's most significant contributions to Indian philosophy were its systematic development of the theory of logic, methodology, and its treatises on epistemology. [96] [97] The foundational text of the Nyāya school is the Nyāya Sūtras of the first millennium BCE. The text is credited to Aksapada Gautama and its composition is ...