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Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. [8] Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. [1] Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. [2] [3] This typically lasts less than two weeks. [8]
Outbreaks of rotavirus A diarrhoea are common among hospitalised infants, young children attending day care centres, and elderly people in nursing homes. [75] [135] An outbreak caused by contaminated municipal water occurred in Colorado in 1981. [136] During 2005, the largest recorded epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in Nicaragua.
Diarrhea is the spelling in American English, whereas diarrhoea is the spelling in British English. Slang terms for the condition include "the runs", "the squirts" (or "squits" in Britain [13]) and "the trots". [14] [15] The word is often pronounced as / ˌ d aɪ ə ˈ r iː ə / DY-ə-REE-ə.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produces a toxin that acts on the intestinal lining, and is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) can cause diarrhea outbreaks in newborn nurseries. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) can cause acute and chronic (long-lasting) diarrhea in children.
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk virus and sometimes referred to as the winter vomiting disease, is the most common cause of gastroenteritis. [1] [6] Infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. [2] [3] Fever or headaches may also occur. [2]
Sapovirus is a genetically diverse genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, non-enveloped viruses within the family Caliciviridae. [1] [2] Together with norovirus, sapoviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (commonly called the "stomach flu" although it is not related to influenza) in humans and animals.
While IBD can limit quality of life because of pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, it is rarely fatal on its own. Fatalities due to complications such as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation and surgical complications are also rare. [112] Fatigue is a common symptom of IBD and can be a burden. [113]
[4] [5] [clarification needed] The diet was first discussed in 1926 and was once recommended for people, particularly children, with gastrointestinal distress like vomiting, diarrhea, or gastroenteritis. However, modern research has shown that the BRAT diet is unnecessarily restrictive.