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  2. Training, validation, and test data sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training,_validation,_and...

    A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]

  3. Anomaly detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaly_detection

    Anomaly detection for IDS is normally accomplished with thresholds and statistics, but can also be done with soft computing, and inductive learning. [7] Types of features proposed by 1999 included profiles of users, workstations, networks, remote hosts, groups of users, and programs based on frequencies, means, variances, covariances, and ...

  4. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

    For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...

  5. Fine-tuning (deep learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)

    In deep learning, fine-tuning is an approach to transfer learning in which the parameters of a pre-trained neural network model are trained on new data. [1] Fine-tuning can be done on the entire neural network, or on only a subset of its layers, in which case the layers that are not being fine-tuned are "frozen" (i.e., not changed during backpropagation). [2]

  6. Fault detection and isolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_detection_and_isolation

    In model-based FDI techniques some model of the system is used to decide about the occurrence of fault. The system model may be mathematical or knowledge based. Some of the model-based FDI techniques include [2] observer-based approach, parity-space approach, and parameter identification based methods. There is another trend of model-based FDI ...

  7. Isolation forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_forest

    Isolation Forest is an algorithm for data anomaly detection using binary trees.It was developed by Fei Tony Liu in 2008. [1] It has a linear time complexity and a low memory use, which works well for high-volume data.

  8. Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Based_Convolutional...

    Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) are a family of machine learning models for computer vision, and specifically object detection and localization. [1] The original goal of R-CNN was to take an input image and produce a set of bounding boxes as output, where each bounding box contains an object and also the category (e.g. car or ...

  9. Crystallographic defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_defect

    A twin boundary is a defect that introduces a plane of mirror symmetry in the ordering of a crystal. For example, in cubic close-packed crystals, the stacking sequence of a twin boundary would be ABCABCBACBA. On planes of single crystals, steps between atomically flat