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Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4.
Pyrophosphoric acid. In chemistry, a phosphoric acid, in the general sense, is a phosphorus oxoacid in which each phosphorus (P) atom is in the oxidation state +5, and is bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, one of them through a double bond, arranged as the corners of a tetrahedron.
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds , when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts .
Strong electrolytes conduct electricity only in aqueous solutions, or in molten salt, and ionic liquid. Strong electrolytes break apart into ions completely. The strength of an electrolyte does not affect the open circuit voltage produced by a galvanic cell. But when electric current flows, stronger electrolytes result in smaller voltage losses ...
Values are at 25 °C and 0 ionic strength. The pK a values are the pH values where the concentration of each species is equal to that of its conjugate bases. At pH 1 or lower, the phosphoric acid is practically undissociated. Around pH 4.7 (mid-way between the first two pK a values) the dihydrogen phosphate ion, [H 2 PO 4] −
NaOH −469.15 Sodium hydroxide: Solid NaOH −425.93 Sodium hypochlorite: Solid NaOCl −347.1 Sodium nitrate: Aqueous NaNO 3: −446.2 Sodium nitrate: Solid NaNO 3: −424.8 Sodium oxide: Solid Na 2 O −414.2 Sulfur (monoclinic) Solid S 8: 0.3 Sulfur (rhombic) Solid S 8: 0 Hydrogen sulfide: Gas H 2 S −20.63 Sulfur dioxide: Gas SO 2: −296 ...
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The PTFE backbone interlaced with the ionic sulfonate groups gives Nafion a high chemical stability temperature (e.g. 190 °C) but a softening point in the range of 85-100 °C give it a moderate operating temperature, e.g. up to 100 °C, with additional challenges in all applications due to the loss of water above 100 °C.