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The legal system of North Carolina is based on the common law. Like all U.S. states except Louisiana, North Carolina has a reception statute providing for the "reception" of English law. All statutes, regulations, and ordinances are subject to judicial review.
The concept of "two sets of books" refers to the practice of keeping two sets of accounting ledgers ("books").In colloquial terms, this practice may refer to fraudulent behavior, i.e. attempting to hide or disguise financial transactions from outsiders by having a falsified set of records for official use and another for internal recordkeeping.
Under New York law, "in any prosecution for falsifying business records, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant was a clerk, bookkeeper or other employee who, without personal benefit, merely executed the orders of his or her employer or of a superior officer or employee generally authorized to direct his or her activities."
Companies that conduct business with California consumers must comply with the act if the company satisfies one of the three conditions stated under the act: If the company has annual gross revenues of $25 million or more [17] If the company holds personal information of 50,000 or more California residents, households, and devices [17]
SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).
FIRREA allowed bank holding companies to acquire thrifts. It established new regulations for real estate appraisals. In addition, the Act established Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC) within the Examination Council of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. It also established new capital reserve requirements.
The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, Pub. L. 111–21 (text), S. 386, 123 Stat. 1617, enacted May 20, 2009, is a public law in the United States enacted in 2009. The law enhanced criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws, especially regarding financial institutions, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud or commodities fraud.
The global framework for banking regulation and supervision, prepared by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, makes a distinction between three "pillars", namely regulation (Pillar 1), supervisory discretion (Pillar 2), and market discipline enabled by appropriate disclosure requirements (Pillar 3). [2] Bank licensing, which sets certain ...