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Between 1639 and 1652, Scotland was involved in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of conflicts which included the Bishops' Wars, the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the English Civil War, the Irish Confederate Wars and finally the conquest of Ireland and the subjugation of Scotland by the English New Model Army.
The term Wars of the Three Kingdoms first appears in A Brief Chronicle of all the Chief Actions so fatally Falling out in the three Kingdoms by James Heath, published in 1662, [7] but historian Ian Gentles argues "there is no stable, agreed title for the events....which have been variously labelled the Great Rebellion, the Puritan Revolution, the English Civil War, the English Revolution and ...
King Charles I - Ruler of the Three Kingdoms from 1625-1649. King Charles II - King of Scotland from 1649-1651 and then ruler of all three kingdoms from 1660. John Pym - Leader of Parliamentary opposition to the King. Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll - De facto head of the Scottish government throughout most of the period.
1645: the English Parliament forms the New Model Army 1645: 14 June: the Battle of Naseby : the New Model Army crushes the Royalist army, effectively ending the First English Civil War 1645: 15 August, Montrose wins Royalist control of Scotland at the Battle of Kilsyth ; subsequently Covenanter armies returned from England defeat him at the ...
Scotland in the Wars of Three Kingdoms The Parliamentarians successfully block King Charles from advancing on London: 10: 27: 1644: Newbury 2nd: 1st English Civil War: The Royalists at Newcastle accept terms after a prolonged siege by the Scot Covenanters: 10: 27: 1644: Newcastle 1st (Siege Ends) 1st English Civil War: Scotland in the Wars of ...
3 January – the Long Parliament adopts A Directory for the Publique Worship of God throughout the Three Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Together with an Ordinance of Parliament for the taking away of the Book of Common-Prayer, and for Establishing and Observing of this Present Directory throughout the Kingdom of England and the Dominion of Wales, drawn up by a parliamentary ...
The Battle of Auldearn was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.It took place on 9 May 1645, in and around the village of Auldearn in Nairnshire.It resulted in a victory for the royalists, led by the Marquess of Montrose and Alasdair MacColla, over Sir John Urry and an army raised by the Covenanter-dominated Scottish government.
In 1645 the tide of the war turned decisively against Charles I and on 14 June he lost the Battle of Naseby in Northamptonshire to the English New Model Army. Charles retreated to Hereford and then into South Wales , hoping to rebuild his shattered army with Welsh recruits and Irish allies .