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oculus sinister (left eye) OU oculus uterque (both eyes) PD Pupillary distance PERRLA Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PH Pinhole see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHNI Pinhole No Improvement see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHVA Pinhole Visual Acuity: PL Perception of light
PL is an abbreviation for plano or plain, meaning no prescription; PD or IPD Pupillary Distance or Interpupillary Distance, respectively. It is the distance between pupil centers. BVD Back vertex distance is the distance between the back of the spectacle lens and the front of the cornea (the front surface of the eye). This is significant in ...
Optometry is a healthcare profession that is autonomous, educated, and regulated (licensed/registered), and optometrists are the primary healthcare practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and management of disease in the eye, and the ...
The Maddox rod is a handheld instrument composed of red parallel plano convex cylinder lens, which refracts light rays so that a point source of light is seen as a line or streak of light. [2] Due to the optical properties, the streak of light is seen perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. [3] Maddox rod and pen torch used in Maddox rod testing
removing all the contents of the eyeball during evisceration (complete removal of all structures within the eye in diseases like endophthalmitis: Lid plate: flat large instrument that has a groove and is placed between the lid and globe of the eye to provide a solid support for eyelid surgery Hammer, chisel and bone gouge: bone cutting and shaping
The eye is connected to the visual cortex by the optic nerve coming out of the back of the eye. The two optic nerves come together behind the eyes at the optic chiasm , where about half of the fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite side and join fibers from the other eye representing the corresponding visual field, the combined nerve ...
There are a number of tests that are used by ophthalmologists and optometrists during eye examinations to determine the presence of astigmatism and to quantify the amount and axis of the astigmatism. [13] A Snellen chart or other eye chart may initially reveal reduced visual acuity.
An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [ 1 ] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists , physicians and nurses , to screen persons for vision impairment .