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Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) impacts many individuals in the mental health field; as of 2013, the prevalence rates for STS amongst different professions is as follows: 15.2% among social workers, 16.3% in oncology staff, 19% in substance abuse counselors, 32.8% in emergency nurses, 34% in child protective services workers, and 39% in juvenile justice education workers. [2]
Other factors in secondary damage are breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, edema, ischemia and hypoxia. [15] Ischemia is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after head trauma. [9] Similar mechanisms are involved in secondary injury after ischemia, trauma, and injuries resulting when a person does not get enough oxygen. [5]
Vicarious trauma, conceptually based in constructivism, [12] [13] [14] arises from interaction between individuals and their situations. A helper's personal history (including prior traumatic experiences), coping strategies, support network, and other things interact with his or her situation (including work setting, nature of the work, and clientele served) and may trigger vicarious trauma.
We’ve all been there…the nagging upset that comes from hearing about a friend, neighbor or family member’s catastrophic event. It happened to me recently, when a woman in my close friend ...
“Law & Order: Special Victims Unit” Emmy winner Mariska Hargitay joined Selena Gomez for a discussion on behalf of Interview magazine and said that she’s definitely got some “secondary ...
TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury) or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). [6] Head injury is a broader category that may involve damage to other structures such as the scalp and skull.
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While it was once thought that the main cause of axonal separation was tearing due to mechanical forces during the trauma event, it is now understood that axons are not typically torn upon impact; rather, secondary biochemical cascades, which occur in response to the primary injury (which occurs as the result of mechanical forces at the moment ...