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Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. [1] DEA has been applied in a large range of fields including international banking, economic sustainability, police department operations, and logistical applications [2] [3] [4] Additionally, DEA has been used to assess the performance of natural language ...
The use of descriptive and summary statistics has an extensive history and, indeed, the simple tabulation of populations and of economic data was the first way the topic of statistics appeared. More recently, a collection of summarisation techniques has been formulated under the heading of exploratory data analysis : an example of such a ...
Tukey defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data." [3]
Data assimilation can also be achieved within a model update loop, where we will iterate an initial model (or initial guess) in an optimisation loop to constrain the model to the observed data. Many optimisation approaches exist and all of them can be set up to update the model, for instance, evolutionary algorithm have proven to be efficient ...
Data science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm, a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession. [4] Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5]
In applied mathematics, topological data analysis (TDA) is an approach to the analysis of datasets using techniques from topology. Extraction of information from datasets that are high-dimensional, incomplete and noisy is generally challenging.
The syntax of comparative constructions is poorly understood due to the complexity of the data. In particular, the comparative frequently occurs with independent mechanisms of syntax such as coordination and forms of ellipsis (gapping, pseudogapping, null complement anaphora, stripping, verb phrase ellipsis). The interaction of the various ...
An image of the Melissa computer virus created by Ukrainian artist Stepan Ryabchenko in 2011. Irrational Geometrics' digital art installation, 2008 by Pascal Dombis Digital art refers to any artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process.