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The M103 heavy tank (officially designated 120mm gun combat tank M103, initially T43) [3] was a heavy tank that served in the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps during the Cold War. Introduced in 1957, it served until 1974, by which time evolution of the concept of a main battle tank considered heavy tanks obsolete.
M103 tank, combat, full-track, 120 mm, 60-ton ... WWII US Vehicle Markings (pdf) Combined Arms Research Library - scans of vehicle data sheets circa 1960
The tank was relatively underpowered, and the drive systems were fragile. The turret of the M103 was larger than that of the M48 or the M60 to make room for the huge 120 mm gun and the two loaders assigned to it, in addition to the gunner and the commander. The driver sat in the hull. The gun was capable of elevation from +15 to -8 degrees.
The Great Tank Scandal: British Armour in the Second World War - Part 1. HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-290460-1. Foss, Christopher F., ed. (1 November 2002). The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles - The Comprehensive Guide to Over 900 Armored Fighting Vehicles From 1915 to the Present Day. Thunder Bay Pr. p. 544. ISBN 978-1571458063.
M103 or M-103 may refer to: M103 heavy tank, an American heavy tank; M103 (New York City bus), a bus route in Manhattan; M-103 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan; Mercedes-Benz M103 engine; Messier 103, an open star cluster in the constellation Cassiopeia; Motion 103, also known as M-103, a motion in the House of Commons of Canada
The U.S. Army no longer used the heavy, medium, and light tank classifications. In 1960, with the deactivation of its last heavy tank battalion (which used the M103 heavy tank), and the fielding of the new M60 series tank, the U.S. Army had adopted a main battle tank (MBT) doctrine; a single tank filling all combat roles.
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Heavy tanks feature very heavy armor and weapons relative to lighter tanks. Many heavy tanks shared components with lighter tanks. For example, the US M103 heavy tank shared many components with the lighter Patton tank, including transmission and engine. As a result, they tend to be either underpowered and comparatively slow, or have engine and ...