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Following a review of the quality of experimental design in published journal articles, [25] including the use of the 3Rs, it was found that the use and reporting of these principles was sporadic. As a result, the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines were developed [ 26 ] and published in 2010.
A\J: Alternatives Journal—published by the Environmental Studies Association of Canada; Annual Review of Environment and Resources—published by Annual Reviews, Inc.; eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management)—established by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Innsbruck, and other organizations—covering mountain research in protected area
The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs, pronounced as "N C 3 Rs") is a British organization with the goal of reducing the number of animals used in scientific research.
Remedial strategies include: more careful waste management, statutory control of overfishing by adoption of sustainable fishing practices and the use of environmentally sensitive and sustainable aquaculture and fish farming, reduction of fossil fuel emissions and restoration of coastal and other marine habitats. [11]
Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs (3Rs) first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. [6] These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide. Replacement refers to the preferred use of non-animal methods over animal methods whenever it is possible to achieve the same ...
Environmental resource management is an issue of increasing concern, as reflected in its prevalence in several texts influencing global sociopolitical frameworks such as the Brundtland Commission's Our Common Future, [3] which highlighted the integrated nature of the environment and international development, and the Worldwatch Institute's annual State of the World reports.
Waste (management) hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption from most favourable to least favourable actions. [1] The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability . [ 1 ]
Organization & Environment (O&E) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the fields of "management, organizations, and environmental sustainability." [1] The current Editor-in-Chief is Michael Russo (University of Oregon). [2] Formerly it was Maurizio Zollo (Bocconi University).