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Some of the algorithms Trachtenberg developed are ones for general multiplication, division and addition. Also, the Trachtenberg system includes some specialised methods for multiplying small numbers between 5 and 13. The section on addition demonstrates an effective method of checking calculations that can also be applied to multiplication.
It requires memorization of the multiplication table for single digits. This is the usual algorithm for multiplying larger numbers by hand in base 10. A person doing long multiplication on paper will write down all the products and then add them together; an abacus-user will sum the products as soon as each one is computed.
36 represented in chisanbop, where four fingers and a thumb are touching the table and the rest of the digits are raised. The three fingers on the left hand represent 10+10+10 = 30; the thumb and one finger on the right hand represent 5+1=6. Counting from 1 to 20 in Chisanbop. Each finger has a value of one, while the thumb has a value of five.
Multiplication by a positive number preserves the order: For a > 0, if b > c, then ab > ac. Multiplication by a negative number reverses the order: For a < 0, if b > c, then ab < ac. The complex numbers do not have an ordering that is compatible with both addition and multiplication. [30]
In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system. The decimal multiplication table was traditionally taught as an essential part of elementary arithmetic around the world, as it lays the foundation for arithmetic operations ...
The Schönhage–Strassen algorithm was the asymptotically fastest multiplication method known from 1971 until 2007. It is asymptotically faster than older methods such as Karatsuba and Toom–Cook multiplication, and starts to outperform them in practice for numbers beyond about 10,000 to 100,000 decimal digits. [2]
Karatsuba multiplication of az+b and cz+d (boxed), and 1234 and 567 with z=100. Magenta arrows denote multiplication, amber denotes addition, silver denotes subtraction and cyan denotes left shift. (A), (B) and (C) show recursion with z=10 to obtain intermediate values. The Karatsuba algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm.
Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.