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Malware (a portmanteau of malicious software) [1] is any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy.
Petya was first discovered in March 2016; unlike other forms of encrypting ransomware, the malware aimed to infect the master boot record, installing a payload which encrypts the file tables of the NTFS file system the next time that the infected system boots, blocking the system from booting into Windows at all until the ransom is paid.
Some file systems, such as Btrfs, HAMMER, ReFS, and ZFS, use internal data and metadata checksumming to detect silent data corruption. In addition, if a corruption is detected and the file system uses integrated RAID mechanisms that provide data redundancy, such file systems can also reconstruct corrupted data in a transparent way. [18]
A simple example is the following malicious version of the Linux sudo command. An attacker would place this script in a publicly writable directory (e.g., /tmp). If an administrator happens to be in this directory and executes sudo, then the Trojan may execute, compromising the administrator's password.
There are three typical use cases that drive the need for malware analysis: Computer security incident management: If an organization discovers or suspects that some malware may have gotten into its systems, a response team may wish to perform malware analysis on any potential samples that are discovered during the investigation process to determine if they are malware and, if so, what impact ...
• Fake email addresses - Malicious actors sometimes send from email addresses made to look like an official email address but in fact is missing a letter(s), misspelled, replaces a letter with a lookalike number (e.g. “O” and “0”), or originates from free email services that would not be used for official communications.
An example of a malicious advertisement, claiming that the computer is infected. Malvertising (a portmanteau of "malicious software advertising") is the use of online advertising to spread malware. [1] It typically involves injecting malicious or malware-laden advertisements into legitimate online advertising networks and webpages. [2]
Typical malicious payloads might delete files on a host system (e.g., the ExploreZip worm), encrypt files in a ransomware attack, or exfiltrate data such as confidential documents or passwords. [17] Some worms may install a backdoor. This allows the computer to be remotely controlled by the worm author as a "zombie".