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Anemia of prematurity (AOP) refers to a form of anemia affecting preterm infants [1] with decreased hematocrit. [2] AOP is a normochromic, normocytic hypoproliferative anemia. The primary mechanism of AOP is a decrease in erythropoietin (EPO), a red blood cell growth factor.
A red cell exchange transfusion is usually given to treat severe hyperbilirubinemia or anemia in babies with hemolytic disease of the newborn. It removes neonatal red cells coated with maternal antibody and reduces the level of bilirubin. A ‘double volume exchange’ (160–200 ml/kg) removes around 90% of neonatal red cells and 50% of bilirubin.
A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), also known as an intensive care nursery (ICN), is an intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. The NICU is divided into several areas, including a critical care area for babies who require close monitoring and intervention, an intermediate care area for infants ...
A 2013 study of over 400,000 people admitted to US hospitals found that 74% developed anemia at some point during their hospital stay. [5] Iatrogenic anemia is of particular concern in intensive care medicine, [6]: 629 because people who are critically ill require frequent blood tests and have a higher risk of developing anemia due to lower hemoglobin levels and impaired production of red ...
[24] [25] Because anemia during pregnancy can result in poorer outcomes for the mother and her baby, the complete blood count is a routine part of prenatal care; [26] and in newborn babies, a CBC may be needed to investigate jaundice or to count the number of immature cells in the white blood cell differential, which can be an indicator of sepsis.
The below tests are often useful in cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn but are not required for treatment of all newborns. Hgb — the infant's hemoglobin should be tested from cord blood. [6] Reticulocyte count — Reticulocytes are elevated when the infant is producing more red blood cells in response to anemia. [6]
Family history of jaundice and anemia, family history of neonatal or early infant death due to liver disease, maternal illness suggestive of viral infection (fever, rash or lymphadenopathy), maternal drugs (e.g. sulphonamides, anti-malarials causing red blood cell destruction in G6PD deficiency) are suggestive of pathological jaundice in neonates.
Neonatal nursing is a sub-specialty of nursing care for newborn infants up to 28 days after birth. The term neonatal comes from neo, "new", and natal, "pertaining to birth or origin". Neonatal nursing requires a high degree of skill, dedication and emotional strength as they care for newborn infants with a range of