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Left ventricular thrombus is a blood clot in the left ventricle of the heart. LVT is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Typically the clot is a mural thrombus, meaning it is on the wall of the ventricle. [ 3 ]
The left anterior cardinal vein eventually transforms into the ligament of Marshall. [13] If this vein fails to disappear, the persistent left superior vena cava will form. [ 13 ] This anomaly is present in between 0.3% and 0.5% of the population and roughly 2.1% to 4.3% of those with congenital heart disease . [ 3 ]
The treatment of heart disease is rapidly changing and thus new therapies for acute heart failure treatment are being introduced to save more lives from these massive attacks. [24] Bypass surgery is performed by removing a vein from the arm or leg, or an artery from the chest and replacing the blocked artery in the heart. This allows the blood ...
There are two major types of VTE: deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. [10] DVT is often found in the calf, accompanies with the swelling of limbs along the deep vein while pulmonary embolism causes chronic pulmonary hypertension. [11] VTE is the third deadliest cardiovascular disease in the world. [11]
As the left ventricle becomes unable to compensate for an acute rise in systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema or myocardial ischemia may occur. [ 6 ] In the kidneys, chronic hypertension has a great impact on the kidney vasculature, leading to pathologic changes in the small arteries of the kidney .
The valves in effect become a common atrio-ventricular valve, and the severity of the defect depends largely on the supporting attachments of the valve to the ventricles and whether the valve allows dominant flow from the right atrium to right ventricle and from left atrium to left ventricle ("unbalanced" flow).
When impaired vein function leads to significant symptoms such as oedema (swelling) or venous ulcer formation, the condition is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is also known as chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome , a separate condition caused by damage to the deep veins ...
Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency resulting from inadequate blood flow to the body's organs due to the dysfunction of the heart.Signs of inadequate blood flow include low urine production (<30 mL/hour), cool arms and legs, and decreased level of consciousness.