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In 1995, Ralph Klein's government introduced the Alberta Taxpayer Protection Act [10] which legislated any general provincial sales tax be subject to a referendum. [11] The legislation that prevents the introduction of a sales tax without a referendum was expanded in 2023 by UCP Premier Danielle Smith to include increases to personal and corporate tax rates.
Every province except Alberta has implemented either a provincial sales tax or the Harmonized Sales Tax. The federal GST rate is 5 percent, effective January 1, 2008. The territories of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut have no territorial sales taxes, so only the GST is collected.
In spite of the high incomes and large income from corporate taxes, Alberta has an income tax rate that is much lower than the Canadian average, but by 2017, it also had a $10.5-billion deficit. Tombe said that if Alberta had a tax rate similar to the Canadian average, the province would have a surplus not a deficit. [28]
In March 2022, the Alberta government announced it would suspend the collection of the fuel tax starting April 1, as a way to fight the rising cost of fuel. [19] In December 2023, the Alberta government announced that with lower oil prices, the fuel tax would be phased back in after Dec. 31, 2023. [20]
In Prince Edward Island, Summerside had an income tax from 1870 to 1880, and Charlottetown imposed one from 1880 to 1888. [29] While Nova Scotia permitted municipal income tax in 1835, Halifax was the first municipality to levy one in 1849. [29] New Brunswick allowed the collection of income taxes in 1831. [30]
The historical Alberta Tax Advantage was based on its "three main pillars"—lower "personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, and sales taxes." [ 2 ] According to the Fraser Institute , in "2014, Alberta had the lowest top combined federal-provincial/state tax rate out of 60 Canadian provinces and American states."