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The LWPINS instruction sets CF=1 if LWP is enabled and the ring buffer is full, CF=0 otherwise. LWPVAL r32/64, r/m32, imm32: XOP.A 12 /1 imm32: Decrement the event counter associated with the programmed value sample event. If the resulting counter value ends up negative, insert an event record with EventID=1 in LWP ring buffer.
Intel distributes microcode updates as a 2,048 (2 kilobyte) binary blob. [1] The update contains information about which processors it is designed for, so that this can be checked against the result of the CPUID instruction. [1] The structure is a 48-byte header, followed by 2,000 bytes intended to be read directly by the processor to be ...
Intel promised microcode updates to resolve the vulnerability. [1] The microcode patches have been shown to significantly reduce the performance of some heavily-vectorized loads. [7] Patches to mitigate the effects of the vulnerability have also been created as part of the forthcoming version 6.5 release of the Linux kernel. [8]
The processor executes the SMM code in a separate address space (SMRAM) that has to be made inaccessible to other operating modes of the CPU by the firmware. [7] System Management Mode can address up to 4 GB memory as huge real mode. In x86-64 processors, SMM can address >4 GB memory as real address mode. [8]
In April 2024, it was revealed that the BHI vulnerability in certain Intel CPU families could be still exploited in Linux entirely in user space without using any kernel features or root access despite existing mitigations. [76] [77] [78] Intel recommended "additional software hardening". [79] The attack was assigned CVE-2024-2201.
The ME is colloquially categorized as ring −3, below System Management Mode (ring −2) and the hypervisor (ring −1), all running at a higher privilege level than the kernel (ring 0). The Intel Management Engine (ME), also known as the Intel Manageability Engine, [1] [2] is an autonomous subsystem that has been incorporated in virtually all ...
The vulnerabilities are in the implementation of speculative execution, which is where the processor tries to guess what instructions may be needed next. They exploit the possibility of reading data buffers found between different parts of the processor. [1] [2] [6] [7] Microarchitectural Store Buffer Data Sampling (MSBDS), CVE-2018-12126
On 9 June 2020, researchers from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam published a side-channel attack named CrossTalk (CVE-2020-0543) that affected RDRAND on a number of Intel processors. [36] They discovered that outputs from the hardware digital random number generator (DRNG) were stored in a staging buffer that was shared across all cores.