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PD-325901, for breast cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma [6] A phase II trial for advanced non-small cell lung cancer "did not meet its primary efficacy end point". [7]
Lomustine is approved for the treatment of brain tumors, breast cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and melanoma by Health Canada. [9] Lomustine is also used as an anti-cancer drug in several European countries, including the United Kingdom. [10]
Topical chemotherapies, such as 5-fluorouracil, are used to treat some cases of non-melanoma skin cancer. [74] If the cancer has central nervous system involvement, or with meningeal disease, intrathecal chemotherapy may be administered. [4]
Doxorubicin, sold under the brand name Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. [10] This includes breast cancer, bladder cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia. [10] It is often used together with other chemotherapy agents. [10] Doxorubicin is given by injection into a vein. [10]
By conducting a meta-analysis of four large breast cancer trials including nearly 3,000 patients, the researchers have discovered that an abnormality on chromosome 17, called CEP17, is associated with a worse outcome for patients, but also that its presence is a highly significant indicator that the tumor will respond to anthracyclines.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
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