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The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm). To convert from the usual ppmv units to ppm mass (abbreviated as ppmm, or ppm(m)), multiply by the ratio of the molar mass of CO 2 to that of air, i.e. times 1.52 (44.01 divided by 28.96).
Some express the concentrations as ppmv (parts per million by volume) and some express the concentrations as mg/m 3 (milligrams per cubic meter), while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content.
1 percent by volume = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume). Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 10 12 and the USA billion which is 10 9.
These factors meant that between 2023 and 2024 CO2 levels increased by nearly 3.6 parts per million (ppm) molecules of air to a new high of more than 424ppm. [BBC]
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane increased again, reaching record annual levels in 2024, at 422 parts per million, according to Copernicus. ... Carbon dioxide ...
Symptoms of carbon dioxide toxicity, by increasing volume percent in air [45] Carbon dioxide content in fresh air (averaged between sea-level and 10 kPa level, i.e., about 30 km (19 mi) altitude) varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location. [46]