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Streptolysin S is an oxygen-stable cytotoxin also produced by most GAS strains which results in clearing on the surface of blood agar. SLS affects immune cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes, and is thought to prevent the host immune system from clearing infection. Streptococcus pyogenes, or GAS, displays beta hemolysis.
An estimated 700 million GAS infections occur worldwide each year. While the overall mortality rate for these infections is less than 0.1%, over 650,000 of the cases are severe and invasive, and these cases have a mortality rate of 25%. [4] Early recognition and treatment are critical; diagnostic failure can result in sepsis and death.
Streptococcosis has been shown to have serious consequences on Aquaculture industries around the world as a result of various streptococcal-based infections in marine and freshwater organisms. [9] Streptococosis in fish specifically has proven to be a public health concern due to the zoonotic capabilities of streptococcal infections and ...
It can be a cause of neonatal infections. [4] Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of community acquired pneumonia and meningitis in children and the elderly, [5] and of sepsis in those infected with HIV. The organism also causes many types of pneumococcal infections other than pneumonia.
Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other). Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formation of a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm. In this condition the bacterium continues to live and ...
The development of vaccines targeting M protein or its associated epitopes represents a promising avenue for the prevention and treatment of streptococcal infections. . Vaccines designed to induce protective immune responses against M protein have the potential to confer long-term immunity and reduce the incidence of GAS-related diseases, including pharyngitis, impetigo, and invasive ...
The immunity debate comes as the country is experiencing another surge in infections and hospitalizations and 60 million people remain unvaccinated in a pandemic that has killed more than 770,000 ...
Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria [1] that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes (usually in chains) the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances.