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Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
McIlvaine buffer is a buffer solution composed of citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as citrate-phosphate buffer. It was introduced in 1921 by the United States agronomist Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875–1959) from West Virginia University , and it can be prepared in pH 2.2 to 8 by mixing two stock solutions.
Chemical formula. C 4 H 4 Na 2 O 5: Molar mass: 178.051 g·mol −1 ... Sodium malate is a compound with formula Na 2 (C 2 H 4 O(COO) 2). It is the sodium salt of ...
Influences on dissociation: There should be a minimum influence of buffer concentration, temperature, and ionic composition of the medium on the dissociation of the buffer. Well-behaved cation interactions: If the buffers form complexes with cationic ligands, the complexes formed should remain soluble. Ideally, at least some of the buffering ...
Desalting and buffer exchange both entail recovering the components of a sample in whatever buffer is used to pre-equilibrate the small, porous polymer beads (resin). Desalting occurs when buffer salts and other small molecules are removed from a sample in exchange for water (with the resin being pre-equilibrated in water).
Foley proposed a similar retentive model to that of Armstrong and Nome which was a general model for secondary chemical equilibria in liquid chromatography. [11] While this model was developed in a previous reference, and could be used for any secondary chemical equilibria such as acid-base equilibria, and ion-pairing, Foley further refined the ...
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH.
Disodium malonate is a sodium salt of malonic acid with the chemical formula CH 2 (COONa) 2. It is a white crystal soluble in water but not in alcohols, esters or benzene. It can be prepared from the reaction of sodium hydroxide and malonic acid: CH 2 (COOH) 2 + 2 NaOH → CH 2 (COONa) 2 + 2 H 2 O