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Multan was the primary cultural centre or capital of Punjab region mostly in late ancient (500 BC-500 CE) and medieval era (500-1500 CE). [1] Multan region was centre of many civilizations in its 5 millennia old history, and witnessed warfare across millennia because of its location on a major invasion route between South and Central Asia.
Multan (Saraiki / Urdu: مُلْتَان; local pronunciation: [mɵlˈtäːnᵊ] ⓘ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of river Chenab.It is one of the five largest urban centres of Pakistan in 2025 and is the administrative centre of Multan Division.
The conquest of Multan significantly strengthened Mahmud of Ghazni's empire, aligning the region with Sunni orthodoxy and integrating it into the larger Ghaznavid domain. It also marked the decline of Ismailism as a political force in South Asia , although its spiritual legacy endured in various communities.
The Emirate of Multan was a medieval kingdom in Punjab region in the northwest Indian subcontinent [3] that was centred around city of Multan (present-day Punjab, Pakistan). It initially extended towards parts of Kashmir, and included parts of present-day Punjab.
An 1865 picture of Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, with visible remains of Multan fort at its edge. The fort was notable for both its effectiveness as a defence installation and for its architecture. The location of the famed Multan Sun Temple is located within the fort premises. Contemporary reports put the walls of the fort at 40 to 70 feet (21 m ...
Alauddin himself did not lead an expedition to Multan, as it was important for him to remain in Delhi to keep control of the recently-gained throne. Instead, he sent an army led by Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan to Multan in November 1296. This army, which had 30,000-40,000 soldiers, besieged Multan immediately after reaching the town. [2]
The siege of Multan began on 19 April 1848 and lasted until 22 January 1849, and saw fighting around Multan (in present-day Pakistan) between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire. It began with a rebellion against a ruler imposed by the East India Company, which precipitated the Second Anglo-Sikh War , and ended when the last ...
Under Mughal rule, Multan enjoyed 200 years of peace in a time when the city became known as Dar al-Aman ("Abode of Peace"). During the Mughal era, Multan was an important centre of agricultural production and manufacturing of cotton textiles. [4] Multan was a centre for currency minting, [4] as well as tile-making during the Mughal era. [5]