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The source (generator or sub-network) must have equal root-mean-square voltage, frequency, phase sequence, phase angle, and waveform to that of the system to which it is being synchronized. [ 1 ] Waveform and phase sequence are fixed by the construction of the generator and its connections to the system.
If two electrical networks operating at two different phase angles were to be connected to each other, a fault similar to a short circuit would occur, presenting a hazard of damage to the generator or other equipment. The position (as opposed to rotation) of the pointer on a synchroscope indicates the phase angle between the two systems.
Due to high cost of a generator, a set of sensors and limiters will trigger the alarm when the generator approaches the capability-set boundary and, if no action is taken by the operator, will disconnect the generator from the grid. [3] D-curve expands with cooling. The D-curve for a particular generator can be expanded by improved cooling.
The right hand is held with the thumb, index finger and middle finger mutually perpendicular to each other (at right angles), as shown in the diagram. [1] The thumb is pointed in the direction of the motion of the conductor relative to the magnetic field. The first finger is pointed in the direction of the magnetic field. By convention, it's ...
In power engineering, the power-flow study, or load-flow study, is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notations such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power parameters, such as Voltage, voltage angles, real power and reactive power.
The above equation describes the behaviour of the rotor dynamics and hence is known as the swing equation. The angle δ is the angle of the internal EMF of the generator and it dictates the amount of power that can be transferred. This angle is therefore called the load angle.
Lissajous curves can also be generated using an oscilloscope (as illustrated). An octopus circuit can be used to demonstrate the waveform images on an oscilloscope. Two phase-shifted sinusoid inputs are applied to the oscilloscope in X-Y mode and the phase relationship between the signals is presented as a Lissajous figure.
One voltage cycle of a three-phase system, labeled 0 to 360° (2π radians) along the time axis. The plotted line represents the variation of instantaneous voltage (or current) with respect to time.