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Glucuronidation consists of transfer of the glucuronic acid component of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid to a substrate by any of several types of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
This process is essential as it is the major pathway for the degradation of damaged proteins that have passed through the Golgi. [5] The components of the ESCRT-0 complex exist as follows: The complex is a 1:1 heterodimer of Vps27 ( vacuolar protein sorting protein 27) and Hse1 .
2309 56484 Ensembl ENSG00000118689 ENSMUSG00000048756 UniProt O43524 Q9WVH4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001455 NM_201559 NM_019740 NM_001376967 RefSeq (protein) NP_001446 NP_963853 NP_062714 NP_001363896 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 108.56 – 108.68 Mb Chr 10: 42.06 – 42.15 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Forkhead box O3, also known as FOXO3 or FOXO3a, is a human protein encoded by ...
Endocytosis pathways can be subdivided into four categories: namely, receptor-mediated endocytosis (also known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis), caveolae, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis. [ 3 ] Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is mediated by the production of small (approx. 100 nm in diameter) vesicles that have a morphologically characteristic ...
In biochemistry, in the biological context of organisms' regulation of gene expression and production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus.
After recognizing viral DNA, DNA sensors initiate the downstream signaling pathways by activating STING-mediated interferon response. [ 15 ] Adenovirus , herpes simplex virus , HSV-1 and HSV-2, as well as the negative-stranded RNA virus , vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), have been shown to be able to activate a STING-dependent innate immune ...
By understanding the method in which substances move along neurons or microtubules it is possible to target specific pathways for disease. Currently, many drug companies are aiming to utilize the trajectory of intracellular transport mechanisms to deliver drugs to localized regions and target cells without harming healthy neighboring cells.
Another pathway independent of β-catenin is the Wnt-Ca 2+ pathway, which is involved in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Wnt triggers Frizzled-mediated activation, triggering a cascade leading to Ca 2+ release, which activates effectors (e.g. CaMKII ) that control gene transcription relevant to cell fate and cell migration. [ 7 ]