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Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to connect the point of hydrogen production or delivery of hydrogen with the point of demand, pipeline transport costs are similar to CNG, [9] the technology is proven, [10] however most hydrogen is produced on the place of demand with every 50 ...
Hydrogen can be transported in gaseous form, typically in a pipeline. Because hydrogen gas is highly reactive, the pipeline or other container must be able to resist interacting with the gas. Hydrogen's low density at atmospheric pressure means that gas transport is suitable only for low volume requirements.
Hydrogen can be deployed as a fuel in two distinct ways: in fuel cells which produce electricity, and via combustion to generate heat. [58] When hydrogen is consumed in fuel cells, the only emission at the point of use is water vapor. [58] Combustion of hydrogen can lead to the thermal formation of harmful nitrogen oxides emissions. [58]
If well optimized, slightly higher efficiencies can be achieved. The comparison with a hydrogen fuel cell is interesting. The fuel cell has a high efficiency peak at low load, while at high load the efficiency drops. The hydrogen combustion engine has a peak at high load and can achieve similar efficiency levels as a hydrogen fuel cell. [34]
Japan got its first commercial hydrogen fueling station in 2014. [107] By March 2016, Japan had 80 hydrogen fueling stations, and the Japanese government aims to double this number to 160 by 2020. [108] In May 2017, there were 91 hydrogen fueling stations in Japan. [109] Germany had 18 public hydrogen fueling stations in July 2015.
Hydrogen is a common and easy to find element, given that each molecule of water has two atoms of hydrogen for every oxygen atom present. [10] Hydrogen can be separated from water via several means, including steam reforming (normally involving the use of fossil fuels) and electrolysis (which requires large amounts of electricity and is less commonly used).
The International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy was founded in 2003 to help create cooperation between different governments in developing hydrogen fuel cell technology. [2] The IPHE contains two central groups: the Education & Outreach Working Group and the Regulations, Codes, Standards, & Safety Working Group. [3]
The Hydrogen Council launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 7, 2017. [2] In one of two formal statements made at the Forum, Air Liquide Chairman and CEO Benoît Potier stated that the aim of the initiative is “to explain why hydrogen emerges among the key solutions for the energy transition, in mobility as well as in the power, industrial and residential sectors.” [3]