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The Black Codes, sometimes called the Black Laws, were laws which governed the conduct of African Americans (both free and freedmen).In 1832, James Kent wrote that "in most of the United States, there is a distinction in respect to political privileges, between free white persons and free colored persons of African blood; and in no part of the country do the latter, in point of fact ...
The 1804 law required black and mulatto residents to have a certificate from the Clerk of the Court that they were free. Employers who violated were fined $10 to $50 split between informer and state. Under the 1807 law, black and mulatto residents required a $500 bond for good behavior and against becoming a township charge.
This is a list of examples of Jim Crow laws, which were state, territorial, and local laws in the United States enacted between 1877 and 1965. Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War.
Black Codes (1865–66) - series of laws passed by Southern state legislatures restricting the political franchise and economic opportunity of free blacks, with heavy legal penalties for vagrancy and restrictive employment contracts.
Black people were still elected to local offices throughout the 1880s in local areas with large black populations, but their voting was suppressed for state and national elections. States passed laws to make voter registration and electoral rules more restrictive, with the result that political participation by most black people and many poor ...
Sheboygan at one time was thought to have sundown laws that were prevalent in the 1880s to 1960s. ... from 1860 until 1960 there were no more than nine Black residents in Sheboygan in any given ...
S.C. is one of just a few states without a law enhancing penalties for crimes motivated by hatred toward a particular race. Some say it would be just a “feel-good” law, but Black lawmakers, in ...
Congress enacted fugitive slave laws in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who had escaped from a slave state to a free state or territory. Black Codes were adopted by several states, generally to constrain the actions and rights of free people of color, as slaves were controlled by slave law. Although most northern states had ...