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The Mughal dynasty (Persian: دودمان مغل, romanized: Dudmân-e Mughal) or the House of Babur (Persian: خاندانِ آلِ بابُر, romanized: Khāndān-e-Āl-e-Bābur), was a branch of the Timurid dynasty founded by Babur that ruled the Mughal Empire from its inception in 1526 till the early eighteenth century, and then as ceremonial suzerains over much of the empire until 1857.
The Mughals (also spelled Moghul or Mogul) is a Muslim corporate group from modern-day North India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. [1] They claim to have descended from the various Central Asian Mongolic, [2] [3] and Turkic peoples that had historically settled in the Mughal India and mixed with the native Indian population. [1]
Group portrait of Mughal rulers, from Babur to Aurangzeb, with the Mughal ancestor Timur seated in the middle. On the left: Shah Jahan, Akbar and Babur, with Abu Sa'id of Samarkand and Timur's son, Miran Shah. On the right: Aurangzeb, Jahangir and Humayun, and two of Timur's other offspring Umar Shaykh and Muhammad Sultan.
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. [7] [8]
1. Babur (1526-1530) 2. Humayun (1508 –1556) Masuma Sultan Begum: Kamran Mirza (1512 –1557) Gulchehra Begum: Askari Mirza (1518 –1557) Hindal Mirza
The arrival of Mughal clans in Kashmir and Punjab can be traced back to the arrival of Babur in current day Pakistan and India, who had sought refuge in India. [7] He was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to defeat the Lodi Sultanate, it can also be traced back to the reign of Akbar during which a bloody feud erupted between Akbar and his brother Nabeel Muhammad Hakim, the ruler of Kabulistan.
The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. They fought wars with the Peshwa, the Battle of Bhopal (1737) against the Maratha Confederacy (which was opposed to the Mughal Empire), and the Battle of Karnal (1739) as courtiers of the Moghul.
During Udai and his son Sur's rule, their pradhan (prima minister) Govind Das Bhati reformed the Marwari administrative system and made it similar to the Mughal system. [87] In 1613, he was deputed by the Mughal emperor along with Prince Khurram to undertake the expedition of Mewar. [88] Sur Singh died in 1619 and was succeeded by his son Gaj ...