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A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.
Sjögren's syndrome is one such disease, and it is associated with symptoms including fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia. [8] The disease is characterised by inflammatory changes in the moisture-producing glands throughout the body, leading to reduced secretions from glands that produce saliva, tears and other secretions throughout the body. [8]
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
Preventive dental treatment is also necessary (and often overlooked by the patient), as the lack of saliva associated with xerostomia creates an ideal environment for the proliferation of bacteria that cause cavities. [81] Treatments include at-home topical fluoride application to strengthen tooth enamel and frequent teeth cleanings by a dental ...
Saliva is an important component of the taste mechanism. Saliva both interacts with and protects the taste receptors in the mouth. [5] Saliva mediates sour and sweet tastes through bicarbonate ions and glutamate, respectively. [6] The salt taste is induced when sodium chloride levels surpass the concentration in the saliva. [6]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1]