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The bag-of-words model (BoW) is a model of text which uses an unordered collection (a "bag") ... The BoW representation of a text removes all word ordering.
In computer vision, the bag-of-words model (BoW model) sometimes called bag-of-visual-words model [1] [2] can be applied to image classification or retrieval, by treating image features as words. In document classification , a bag of words is a sparse vector of occurrence counts of words; that is, a sparse histogram over the vocabulary.
Word2vec can use either of two model architectures to produce these distributed representations of words: continuous bag of words (CBOW) or continuously sliding skip-gram. In both architectures, word2vec considers both individual words and a sliding context window as it iterates over the corpus.
Terms are commonly single words separated by whitespace or punctuation on either side (a.k.a. unigrams). In such a case, this is also referred to as "bag of words" representation because the counts of individual words is retained, but not the order of the words in the document.
When the items are words, n-grams may also be called shingles. [2] In the context of Natural language processing (NLP), the use of n-grams allows bag-of-words models to capture information such as word order, which would not be possible in the traditional bag of words setting.
A set of visual words and visual terms. Considering the visual terms alone is the “Visual Vocabulary” which will be the reference and retrieval system that will depend on it for retrieving images. All images will be represented with this visual language as a collection of visual words, or bag of visual words.
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An alternative direction is to aggregate word embeddings, such as those returned by Word2vec, into sentence embeddings. The most straightforward approach is to simply compute the average of word vectors, known as continuous bag-of-words (CBOW). [9] However, more elaborate solutions based on word vector quantization have also been proposed.