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Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures.It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science.
A combinatorial explosion can also occur in some puzzles played on a grid, such as Sudoku. [2] A Sudoku is a type of Latin square with the additional property that each element occurs exactly once in sub-sections of size √ n × √ n (called boxes).
The Fano matroid, derived from the Fano plane.Matroids are one of many kinds of objects studied in algebraic combinatorics. Algebraic combinatorics is an area of mathematics that employs methods of abstract algebra, notably group theory and representation theory, in various combinatorial contexts and, conversely, applies combinatorial techniques to problems in algebra.
For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of non-negative integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of multisets of size k − 1 taken from a set of size n + 1, or equivalently, the number of multisets of size n taken from a set of size k, and is given by
Frontispiece of the book printed in 1690. The Dissertatio de arte combinatoria ("Dissertation on the Art of Combinations" or "On the Combinatorial Art") is an early work by Gottfried Leibniz published in 1666 in Leipzig. [1]
The Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire (English: Lotharingian Seminar of Combinatorics) is a peer-reviewed academic journal specialising in combinatorial mathematics, named after Lotharingia.
Combinatorial designs date to antiquity, with the Lo Shu Square being an early magic square.One of the earliest datable application of combinatorial design is found in India in the book Brhat Samhita by Varahamihira, written around 587 AD, for the purpose of making perfumes using 4 substances selected from 16 different substances using a magic square.
The discipline of combinatorial topology used combinatorial concepts in topology and in the early 20th century this turned into the field of algebraic topology.. In 1978 the situation was reversed—methods from algebraic topology were used to solve a problem in combinatorics—when László Lovász proved the Kneser conjecture, thus beginning the new field of topological combinatorics.