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In computer networking, port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports. Once a correct sequence of connection attempts is received, the firewall rules are dynamically modified to allow the host which sent the connection attempts to connect over specific port(s).
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices.
This is a list of TCP and UDP port numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need one port for bidirectional traffic.
Unlike the connection-oriented TCP protocol, NORM does not establish a session with a setup mechanism (i.e., a three-way handshake). Rather, NORM uses predesignated port numbers and addresses that senders and receivers must know. This allows receivers to join ongoing NORM sessions, and it allows quick resumption of a session after a network outage.
NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a protocol introduced by Apple as an alternative to IGDP. Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a successor of NAT-PMP. UPnP Internet Gateway Device Protocol (UPnP IGD) is supported by many small NAT gateways in home or small office settings. It allows a device on a network to ask the router to open a port.
Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering.
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol and is defined in RFC 3168 (2001). ECN allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is an optional feature that may be used between two ECN-enabled endpoints when the underlying network ...
A port knock setup needs a firewall that logs every port access, a daemon which has means to change the firewall rules (!), and, depending on how complex the knock sequences should be, cryptographic hash generators, handling of multiple knock attempts coming in at the same time, etc.