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The study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, examined muscle strength as well as heart and lung capacity among transgender women who had been taking long-term gender-affirming ...
Martínez-Patiño described her experience in "Personal Account: A Woman Tried and Tested", published by The Lancet in 2005. [11] In "Reexamining Rationales of 'Fairness': An Athlete and Insider's Perspective on the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes" published by the American Journal of Bioethics in 2012, Martínez-Patiño and co-author Hida Viloria discussed current ...
Ratten, Vanessa, and Hamish Ratten. "International sport marketing: practical and future research implications." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing (2011) online. Whitson, David, and Donald Macintosh. "The global circus: International sport, tourism, and the marketing of cities." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 20.3 (1996): 278-295.
This landmark event was accompanied by a significant global shift, as all national Olympic committees sent female athletes and countries like Brunei, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar included women in their delegations for the first time, reflecting a broader embrace of women's sports participation worldwide.
Secondly, globalization led to a trend of recruiting athletes from other countries in order to compete in international sport events. In that case citizenship and affiliation are easily exchanged for the right sport skills and abilities. [13] Globalization of sports creates also possibilities for different kinds of criminal activity.
Of the 934 local network affiliate news segments (over 12 hr of broadcasts), 880 were on men's sports (or approximately 11½ hr), 22 segments (or nearly 18 min) were on gender-neutral sports (e.g., a horse race, coverage of the Los Angeles [LA] marathon, and a recreational sports event), and only 32 segments (about 23 min) featured women's sports.
Mobilization journal; Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Changejournal; Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest; Interface: a Journal For and About Social Movements; Social Movements: A Summary of What Works (pdf)
Women first competed at the Olympic Games in 1900, with an increased programme available for women to enter from 1924. [9] Prior to 1936, sex verification may have been done ad hoc, but there were no formal regulations; [2] the existence of intersex people was known about, though, and the Olympics began "dealing with" – acknowledged and sought to regulate [1] – intersex athletes ahead of ...