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[95] [96] However, the word machismo does resemble words in Spanish and Portuguese language which is why it is often associated with Spain and Portugal. For example, the use of caballerosidad and cavalheirismo , to mean only the positive characteristics of machismo, is imbued with feudal and colonial connotations relating to colonial power ...
The Ciganos were the object of fierce discrimination and persecution. [6] The number of Ciganos in Portugal is about 40,000 to 50,000 spread all over the country. [7] The majority of the Ciganos concentrate themselves in urban centers, where from the late 1990s to the 2000s, major public housing (bairros sociais) policies were targeted at them in order to promote social integration.
In the late 15th and into the 16th centuries, the Portuguese economic reliance on slaves was less in question than the sheer number of slaves found in Portugal. [17] People wishing to purchase slaves in Portugal had two sources, the royal slaving company, the Casa da Guiné, or from slave merchants who had purchased their slaves through the ...
From 2016 to 2020, Portugal identified 1152 victims of human trafficking (an average of almost 25 people per month); most of these were working in agriculture. [5] In 2023, the Organised Crime Index noted that Portugal was mainly a destination country for groups in Eastern Europe, China and Morocco. [6]
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Portuguese expeditions may have attempted to colonize the Canary Islands as early as 1336, but the Crown of Castile objected to any Portuguese claim to them. Castile began its own conquest of the Canaries in 1402. Castile expelled the last Portuguese from the Canary islands in 1459, and they eventually became part of the Spanish Empire. [84]
The Portuguese state began with the founding of the County of Portugal in 868. Following the Battle of São Mamede (1128), Portugal gained international recognition as a kingdom through the Treaty of Zamora and the papal bull Manifestis Probatum. This Portuguese state paved the way for the Portuguese people to unite as a nation. [90] [91] [92]
Count Afonso Henriques defeats his mother, Theresa, Countess of Portugal, in the Battle of São Mamede (near Guimarães) and becomes sole ruler (Dux – Duke) after demands for independence from the county's people, church and nobles. 1129: 6 April: Afonso Henriques proclaims himself Prince of Portugal. 1130: Prince Afonso Henriques invades ...