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One of a series of safety research vehicles produced by British Leyland in the 1970s including a pedestrian-friendly bonnet. In May 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that more than 270,000 pedestrians lose their lives on the world’s roads each year, accounting for 22% of the total 1.24 million road traffic deaths.
Pedestrian safety is the focus of both epidemiological and psychological injury prevention research. Epidemiological studies typically focus on causes external to the individual such as traffic density, access to safe walking areas, socioeconomic status, injury rates, legislation for safety (e.g., traffic fines), or even the shape of vehicles ...
American passive traffic safety measures which were adopted in the mid-20th century created roadways which were forgiving to motorists traveling at high speeds but which de-prioritized cycling and pedestrian facilities. Passive traffic safety policies led to excessively wide streets, clear zones adjacent to roadways, wide turn radii and a focus ...
Rates of pedestrian injuries and fatalities decrease 88% when sidewalks are added, 69% hybrid beacon signals are added, and 39% when medians are added. [ 28 ] [ clarification needed ] The University of Oregon published a before and after study of 25 complete street projects and found significant automobile speed crash reductions for projects ...
The four countries within the UK adhere to the same standards for most traffic control and temporary modifications to traffic and pedestrian control, such as street works and road works (sometimes referred to as the "Red Book"): Safety at Street Works and Road Works – A Code of Practice. [3]
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The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has published the results of their tests for pre-collision automated ADAS and determined a 50% improvement with automated braking. They did not provide separate information for pedestrian safety. [10] HLDI, a part of IIHS, provides some evaluations of most of the main pre-collision ADAS. [11]
Traffic engineers refer to three "E's" when discussing traffic calming: engineering, (community) education, and (police) enforcement.Because neighborhood traffic management studies have shown that residents often contribute to the perceived speeding problem within their neighborhoods, instructions on traffic calming (for example in Hass-Klau et al., 1992 [4]) stress that the most effective ...