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The nasolabial folds, commonly known as "smile lines" [1] or "laugh lines", [2] [self-published source] are facial features. They are the two skin folds that run from each side of the nose to the corners of the mouth. They are defined by facial structures that support the buccal fat pad. [3] They separate the cheeks from the upper lip.
The glabella, in humans, is the area of skin between the eyebrows and above the nose. The term also refers to the underlying bone that is slightly depressed, and joins the two brow ridges . It is a cephalometric landmark that is just superior to the nasion .
During this process, facial muscles might be tightened, while facial fat might be removed or redistributed. Sometimes, a jaw lift is performed in the same surgery by making an incision under the chin and tightening the skin of the jaw and neck. Immediately after the surgery, a drainage tube is used to remove excess fluid from the wound. [23] [24]
It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use. Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.
The procerus muscle may be denervated to reduce furrow lines around the glabella caused by frowning. [2] This may be for cosmetic purposes. Surgery can be used to transect the temporal branch of the facial nerve, although other branches of the facial nerve may also need to be cut. [2]
Thyroidectomy is the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. Tonsillectomy is the removal of the tonsils. Trabeculectomy is the removal of part of the eye's trabecular meshwork as a treatment for glaucoma. Tumorectomy is the surgical removal of a tumor. Turbinectomy is the removal of the turbinate bones in the nasal passage.
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