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Spinal precautions, also known as spinal immobilization and spinal motion restriction, are efforts to prevent movement of the bones of the spine in those with a risk of a spine injury. [1] This is done as an effort to prevent injury to the spinal cord [ 1 ] in unstable spinal fractures . [ 2 ]
Due to back strain, the tendons and muscles supporting the spine are twisted or pulled. Chronic back strain occurs because of the sustained trauma and wearing out of the back muscles. [1] Acute back strain can occur following a single instance of over stressing of back muscles, as in lifting a heavy object.
Opioid treatment for chronic low back pain increases the risk for lifetime illicit drug use [100] and the effect of long-term use of opioids for lower back pain is unknown. [101] For older people with chronic pain, opioids may be used in those for whom NSAIDs present too great a risk, including those with diabetes, stomach or heart problems.
Spinal manipulation is an intervention performed on synovial joints of the spine, including the z-joints, the atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, costotransverse and costovertebral joints. It is typically applied with therapeutic intent, most commonly for the treatment of low back pain. [1]
Back pain itself is not considered a diagnosis, but rather a symptom of underlying (in most cases musculoskeletal) problems. [2] following: Vertebrae misalignment, which can cause nerve interference (also called subluxation), [3] muscle tension, or muscle spasm [4] [5]
It may be classified as neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected. [1] The lumbar area is the most common area affected. [2] An episode of back pain may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as ...