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The original type of spoked wheel with wooden spokes was used for horse-drawn carriages and wagons. In early motor cars, wooden spoked wheels of the artillery type were normally used. In a simple wooden wheel, a load on the hub causes the wheel rim to flatten slightly against the ground as the lowermost wooden spoke shortens and compresses.
Artillery wheel for a motorcar. Wood-spoke artillery wheels were used on early automobiles, as a stronger alternative to wire wheels. [5] By the 1920s, many motor cars used wheels that looked at a glance like wooden artillery wheels, but which were of cast steel or welded from steel pressed sections. These too were usually called artillery wheels.
The earliest evidence of spoked wheels in China comes from Qinghai, in the form of two wheel hubs from a site dated between 2000 and 1500 BCE. [29] Wheeled vehicles were introduced to China from the west. [30] [31] [32] In Britain, a large wooden wheel, measuring about 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter, was uncovered at the Must Farm site in East Anglia ...
Parts of a wheel. The basic parts of a wooden wheel are nave (or hub), spokes, felloes (felly) and tyre (tire). [3] [4] The nave is the central block of the wheel. In a wooden-spoked wheel, the nave acts as the hub. One end of each spoke is set into the nave in a process called tennoning. In older wheels, the nave had a 6-inch sleeve that fit ...
The wheels and basket of the chariot were usually of wood, strengthened in places with bronze or iron. The wheels had from four to eight spokes and tires of bronze or iron. Due to the widely spaced spokes, the rim of the chariot wheel was held in tension over comparatively large spans.
Diagram of the steering gear of an 18th- to 19th-century sailing ship [3]: 151 Helm of TS Golden Bear. A ship's wheel is composed of eight cylindrical wooden spokes (though sometimes as few as six or as many as ten or twelve depending on the wheel's size and how much force is needed to turn it.) shaped like balusters and all joined at a central wooden hub or nave (sometimes covered with a ...
The execution wheel was typically a large wooden spoked wheel, the same as was used on wooden transport carts and carriages (often with iron rim), sometimes purposely modified with a rectangular iron thrust attached and extending blade-like from part of the rim. The primary goal of the first act was the agonizing mutilation of the body, not death.
An early example of a wooden wheel and its axle was found in 2002 at the Ljubljana Marshes some 20 km south of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. According to radiocarbon dating, it is between 5,100 and 5,350 years old. The wheel was made of ash and oak and had a radius of 70 cm and the axle was 120 cm long and made of oak. [10]