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A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. The atoms in a functional group are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. For repeating units of polymers, functional groups attach to their nonpolar core of carbon atoms and ...
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. [1] ( In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the terms substituent and functional group, as well as side chain and pendant group, are used almost interchangeably to describe those branches from the parent structure, [2] though certain ...
Triflate anion. In organic chemistry, triflate (systematic name: trifluoromethanesulfonate), is a functional group with the formula R−OSO2CF3 and structure R−O−S (=O)2−CF3. The triflate group is often represented by −OTf, as opposed to −Tf, which is the triflyl group, R−SO2CF3. For example, n -butyl triflate can be written as ...
Ether. The general structure of an ether. R and R' represent most organyl substituents. In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group —an oxygen atom bonded to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups.
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈældɪhaɪd /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [ 1 ] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
Auxochrome. In organic chemistry, an auxochrome (from Ancient Greek αὐξάνω (auxanō) 'increase' and χρῶμα (chrōma) 'colour') is a group of atoms attached to a chromophore which modifies the ability of that chromophore to absorb light. They themselves fail to produce the colour, but instead intensify the colour of the chromogen ...
In organic chemistry, an acetyl group is a functional group denoted by the chemical formula −COCH3 and the structure −C (=O)−CH3. It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac[5][6] (not to be confused with the element actinium). In IUPAC nomenclature, an acetyl group is called an ethanoyl group. An acetyl group contains a methyl group ...
Side chain. An oligomeric or polymeric offshoot from a macromolecular chain. An oligomeric branch may be termed a short-chain branch. A polymeric branch may be termed a long-chain branch. [1] In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is attached to a core part of the molecule called the "main chain" or backbone.