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Japanese authors have identified two events that influenced the Japanese army's decision to invite a foreigner to improve their cryptology. The first was an incident during the Siberian Intervention. The Japanese army came into possession of some Soviet diplomatic correspondence, but their cryptanalysts were unable decipher the messages.
A cipher machine developed for Japanese naval attaché ciphers, similar to JADE. It was not used extensively, [5] [6] but Vice Admiral Katsuo Abe, a Japanese representative to the Axis Tripartite Military Commission, passed considerable information about German deployments in CORAL, intelligence "essential for Allied military decision making in the European Theater."
Japanese Navy ORANGE cryptographic device captured by US Navy. In the history of cryptography, 91-shiki ōbun injiki (九一式欧文印字機, "System 91 Typewriter for European Characters") or Angōki Taipu-A (暗号機 タイプA, "Type A Cipher Machine"), codenamed Red by the United States, was a diplomatic cryptographic machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office before and during World ...
Analog of the Japanese Type B Cipher Machine (codenamed Purple) built by the U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Service Purple analog in use. In the history of cryptography, the "System 97 Typewriter for European Characters" (九七式欧文印字機 kyūnana-shiki ōbun injiki) or "Type B Cipher Machine", codenamed Purple by the United States, was an encryption machine used by the Japanese Foreign ...
komejirushi (米印, "rice symbol") This symbol is used in notes (註, chū) as a reference mark, similar to an asterisk ＊ 2196: 1-1-86: FF0A: hoshijirushi (星印, "star symbol") asterisk (アステリスク, "asterisk") This symbol is used in notes (註, chū) 〽: 1-3-28: 303D: ioriten (庵点) This mark is used to show the start of a ...
A 6 × 6 grid is also usually used for the Cyrillic alphabet (the most common variant has 33 letters, but some have up to 37) [citation needed] or Japanese hiragana (see cryptography in Japan). A key could be used to reorder the alphabet in the square, with the letters (without duplicates) of the key being placed at the beginning and the ...
JADE was the codename given by US codebreakers to a Japanese World War II cipher machine. The Imperial Japanese Navy used the machine for communications from late 1942 until 1944. JADE was similar to another cipher machine, CORAL, with the main difference that JADE was used to encipher messages in katakana using an alphabet of 50 symbols. [1]
Tomoe (巴, also written 鞆絵), [a] commonly translated as "comma", [2] [3] is a comma-like swirl symbol used in Japanese mon (roughly equivalent to a heraldic badge or charge in European heraldry). It closely resembles the usual form of a magatama. The tomoe appears in many designs with various uses.