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The High Dam protects Egypt from floods, stores water for year-round irrigation and produces hydropower. With a live storage capacity of 90 billion cubic the dam stores more than one and a half the average annual flow of the Nile River, thus providing a high level of regulation in the river basin compared to other regulated rivers in the world.
Egypt is concerned that Ethiopia is using water from the Nile to fill its giant Renaissance dam.
Egypt is the most populated country in the Middle East and North Africa region with over 104 million inhabitants. [26] Since the majority of Egypt's geography consists of expansive desert, 43.1% [ 27 ] of citizens live in urban areas along the Nile or Mediterranean Sea , such as Cairo , Alexandria , or Aswan .
After the Aswan Dam was constructed in Egypt it protected Egypt from the droughts in 1972–1973 and 1983–1987 that devastated East and West Africa. The dam allowed Egypt to reclaim about 840,000 hectares in the Nile Delta and along the Nile Valley, increasing the country's irrigated area by a third. The increase was brought about both by ...
Collectively, the dams will use nearly 500 million mcm/y of the Nile’s annual flow. [3] Ethiopia is the only Nile River riparian to make a legal claim to Nile waters other than Egypt or Sudan since the Nile Waters Treaty was signed in 1959. Like in Egypt, population growth in Ethiopia has led to an increase in water consumption.
One dam burst, then a second, sending a huge wave of water gushing down through the mountains towards the coastal Libyan city, killing thousands as entire neighborhoods were swept into the sea.
Conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam escalated in 2020 because of concern the Ethiopian dam on the Blue Nile could reduce flows of water to Egypt, which is highly dependent on Nile River water. [55] [56] [57] Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed warned that "No force can stop Ethiopia from building a dam ...
The agreement granted Egypt the right to construct the Aswan High Dam that can store the entire annual Nile River flow of a year. It granted the Sudan to construct the Rosaries Dam on the Blue Nile and, to develop other irrigation and hydroelectric power generation until it fully utilizes its Nile share.