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A verb that does not follow all of the standard conjugation patterns of the language is said to be an irregular verb. The system of all conjugated variants of a particular verb or class of verbs is called a verb paradigm; this may be presented in the form of a conjugation table.
During logarithmic growth, two or more copies of any particular region of the chromosome may be present in a bacterial cell, as cell division is not precisely matched with chromosome replication. The process of homologous recombinational repair (HRR) is a key DNA repair process that is especially effective for repairing double-strand damages ...
During classical E. coli conjugation, the donor cell provides a conjugative or mobilizable genetic element that is most often a plasmid or transposon. [5] Most conjugative plasmids have systems ensuring that the recipient cell does not already contain a similar element.
In a typical conjugation, the recipient cell also becomes F + after conjugation as it receives an entire copy of the F factor plasmid; but this is not the case in conjugation mediated by Hfr cells. Due to the large size of bacterial chromosome, it is very rare for the entire chromosome to be transferred into the F − cell as time required is ...
These observations provided evidence that genetic markers was transferred in one direction during conjugation, from the Hfr to F − cell. These experiments also showed that Lederberg's model was incorrect since zygotic induction would have prevented any recombinant from forming had all of the chromosome from the Hfr cell were to be transferred ...
Ciliate conjugation is a sexual phenomenon that results in genetic recombination and nuclear reorganization within the cell. [24] [22] During conjugation, two ciliates of a compatible mating type form a bridge between their cytoplasms. The micronuclei undergo meiosis, the macronuclei disappear, and haploid micronuclei are exchanged over the bridge.
During conjugation, a pilus emerging from the donor bacterium ensnares the recipient bacterium, draws it in close, and eventually triggers the formation of a mating bridge, which establishes direct contact and the formation of a controlled pore that allows transfer of DNA from the donor to the recipient.
Conjugation (group theory), the image of an element under the conjugation homomorphisms Conjugate closure , the image of a subgroup under the conjugation homomorphisms Conjugate words in combinatorics; this operation on strings resembles conjugation in groups